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Encyclopedia > Treaty of Dubysa

The Treaty of Dubysa or Treaty of Dubissa (Lithuanian: Dubysos sutartys) consisted of three legal acts formulated on October 31, 1382 between Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, with his brother Skirgaila and Konrad von Wallenrode, Marshal of the Teutonic Knights. During the Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384), Teutonic Knights helped Jogaila and Skirgaila to defeat his uncle Kęstutis with his son Vytautas. Trying to realize promises given by Jogaila during the war, Teutonic Knights organized the negotiations for the treaty.[1] The acts were signed after six days of negotiations on an island in the mouth of the Dubysa River.[2] The treaty was never ratified and never came into effect. The war resumed in summer 1383. is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1382 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... For other monarchs with similar names , see Ladislaus Jagiello or Ladislaus. ... The presumable banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the coat of arms, called Пагоня in Belarusian, Vytis in Lithuanian and Pogoń in Polish Another version of the Lithuanian banner The Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė, Belarusian: Вялі́кае Кня́ства Літо́ўскае (ВКЛ), Ukrainian: Велике Князівство Литовське (ВКЛ... Pillars of Giedymin Castle of Trakai Skirgiello (Skirhajla, Skirgaila, Iwan; ca 1354 – 11 January 1397 Kijow; baptized 1383/1384) was the Grand Prince of Lithuania 1386 – 1392, Prince of Trakai, 1382 – 1395, Polatsk 1387 - 1397, Kiev 1395 – 1397, regent of Lithuania 1392 - 1401. ... Konrad IV von Wallenrode (born between 1330 and 1340, died 23 July 1393) came from a family with a rich knightly tradition that had its roots in Franken and had resided in Schwabach, south of Nürnberg. ... For the state, see Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights. ... Pillars of Giedymin Castle of Trakai KÄ™stutis (approximate English transcription [kæs. ... Vytautas the Great - engraving of XVI ct. ... Dubysa, at 131 km, is the 15th longest river in Lithuania. ...


Terms

In the first act Jogaila promised to baptize himself and convert the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to Christianity within four years.[3] Samogitia, land that physically separated the Teutonic Knights in Prussia from uniting with its branch in Livonia, was ceded to the Knights up to the Dubysa River by the second act.[3] It was the first time that during the 100-year crusade Lithuania gave up Samogitia.[4] The third act formed a sort of four-year military alliance – both sides promised to help each other against their enemies. Jogaila also agreed not to start a war without Order's approval.[2] Such provisions were limiting Jogaila's sovereignty. Some historians even suggested that such agreement would establish lord–vassal relationship.[1] The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: , Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje, Ruskaje, Å»amojckaje, Belarusian: , Ukrainian: , Polish: , Latin: ) was an Eastern and Central European state of the 12th[1] /13th century until the 18th century. ... Etnographic regions of Lithuania. ... A cropped image of Prussia from Spread of German settlements to the Eastward, 800-1400. (Full map. ... The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Latin Fratres militiae Christi, literally the brothers of the army of Christ), also known as the Christ Knights, Sword Brethren or The Militia of Christ of Livonia, was a military order started in 1202 by Albert von Buxhövden, bishop of Riga (or Prince-Bishop... Baltic Tribes, ca 1200 CE This article is about the region in Europe. ...


All three acts (only two originals survive, the third is known from a transcript made in 1410)[1] were signed by all sons of Algirdas and Uliana of Tver (Jogaila, Skirgaila, Kaributas, Lengvenis, Kirigaila, Vygantas, and Švitrigaila) and by Hanul,[2] merchant from Vilnius who opened the city gates in June 1382 allowing Jogaila to depose Kęstutis. Uliana signed only the act granting Samogitia to the Order.[1] Lithuanian historians Danilevičius and Jonynas raised doubts whether this act is authentic or forgery from 1410s, but their thesis is not widely accepted.[1] Columns of Gediminas Algirdas (approximate English transcription [ˈaːl(É™).gır. ... Uliana Alexandrovna of Tver (Russian: ) (ca. ... Lengvenis (Simeon Lingwen, born ca. ... Pillars of Giedymin (Gedimino stulpai) Å vitrigaila (alternative spellings: ÅšwidrygieÅ‚Å‚o, Svitrigaylo, Svidryhajla, Svidrigailo, Swidrigailo; BolesÅ‚aw; ca 1370 – 10 February 1452 Łuck) was the Grand Prince of Lithuania during 1430 - 1432, Prince of Witebsk 1392 – 1393, 1430 – 1436, Podolia 1400 – 1402, Novhorod-Siversky 1404 – 1408, 1420 – 1438, Czernichow 1419 – 1430... Not to be confused with Vilnius city municipality. ...


Ratification and aftermath

Kęstutis died in Kreva prison on August 15, 1382 while Vytautas managed to escape few months later and asked the Knights for help and protection.[5] This gave another advantage for the Knights, who pushed for ratification (placing of official stamps) of the treaty. Five times the Grand Master proposed a date, but Jogaila continuously refused.[6] The final meeting was scheduled to take place on July 19, 1383 on the same island as original negotiations. Jogaila arrived as agreed, but the Teutonic delegation, led by Grand Master Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein, got stuck near Christmemel (Skirsnemunė), just a few miles away from their destination, due to shallow water in the Neman River.[6][7] Insulted Jogaila refused to move from his location and meet the Grand Master. The parties separated. Kreva (Belarusian: , Lithuanian: , Polish: ) is a town in Belarus, near the border of Lithuania and Belarus. ... This article is about the day of the year. ... Year 1382 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1383 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Coat of Arms of the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. ... Coat of arms SkirsnemunÄ— is a town on the Neman River in TauragÄ— County, Lithuania. ... The Neman (Belarusian: ; Lithuanian: ; Russian: ; Polish: ; German: ) is a major Eastern European river rising in Belarus and flowing through Lithuania before draining into the Baltic Sea near KlaipÄ—da. ...


Teutonic Knights declared war on July 30.[2] They baptized Vytautas and supported his struggle against Jogaila to reacquire his patrimony. Eventually Vytautas and Jogaila reconciled in summer 1384: Vytautas re-acquired his father's lands except for Trakai and Jogaila was crowned as King of Poland in 1386. It is not entirely clear why diplomatic talks between Jogaila and the Knights broke down. Some suggested that Jogaila already knew about the opportunity to marry Jadwiga of Poland and become Polish King.[1] Others argued that Uliana, mother of Jogaila, disapproved of baptism in Catholic rite as she was an Orthodox.[2] Yet others pointed to Masovia where tensions rose as Jogaila started a war against Siemowit IV, who supported Vytautas and was friendly with the Knights, and Order's attempt to play Vytautas against Jogaila.[7] Location Ethnographic region Aukštaitija County Vilnius County Municipality Trakai district municipality Elderate Trakai elderate Number of elderates Coordinates General information Capital of Trakai district municipality Trakai elderate Population (rank) 5,504 in 2005 (56th) First mentioned 1337 Granted city rights 1409 The reconstructed Trakai Island Castle Trakai (Polish: ) is... Poland was ruled by dukes (c. ... This article is about the 14th-century queen and saint. ... Orthodox icon of Pentecost. ... Historical division of Masovia Masovia (Polish: Mazowsze) is a geographical and historical region situated in central Poland with its capital at Warsaw. ... Division of Masovia (1381-1426). ...


References

  1. ^ a b c d e f (Lithuanian) Ivinskis, Zenonas (1933–1944). "Dubysos sutartys". Lietuviškoji enciklopedija 7. Ed. Vaclovas Biržiška. Kaunas: Spaudos Fondas, 94–96. LCC 37032253. 
  2. ^ a b c d e (Lithuanian) Ivinskis, Zenonas (1978). Lietuvos istorija iki Vytauto Didžiojo mirties. Rome: Lietuvių katalikų mokslo akademija, 276–277. LCC 79346776. 
  3. ^ a b Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Jūratė Kiaupienė, Albinas Kunevičius [1995] (2000). The History of Lithuania Before 1795, English, Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History, 127. ISBN 9986-810-13-2. 
  4. ^ (Lithuanian) "Dubysos sutartys". Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija I. (1985–1988). Ed. Jonas Zinkus, et. al. Vilnius, Lithuania: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 463. LCC 86232954. 
  5. ^ Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Jūratė Kiaupienė, Albinas Kunevičius [1995] (2000). The History of Lithuania Before 1795, English, Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History, 125–126. ISBN 9986-810-13-2. 
  6. ^ a b (Lithuanian) Ivinskis, Zenonas [1930] (1988). "Vytauto jaunystė ir jo veikimas iki 1392 m.", in Paulius Šležas: Vytautas Didysis. Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 20–22. OCLC 25726071. 
  7. ^ a b Urban, William (2006). Samogitian Crusade. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center, 174. ISBN 0-929700-56-2. “Two months later when the grandmaster sailed up the Nemunas, he took the bishops of Ermland and Pomesania with him, intending to baptize Jogaila. Shallow water forced their ships to stop at Christmemel, where Skirgaila met them and explained that Jogaila was waiting fifteen miles inland.” 
Library of Congress reading room The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. ... Library of Congress reading room The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. ... Library of Congress reading room The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. ... The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center. ...

 

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